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2016 ; 46
(3
): 175-190
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Multiple mortality events in bats: a global review
#MMPMID29755179
Mamm Rev
2016[Jul]; 46
(3
): 175-190
PMID29755179
show ga
Despite conservation concerns for many species of bats, factors causing mortality
in bats have not been reviewed since 1970. Here we review and qualitatively
describe trends in the occurrence and apparent causes of multiple mortality
events (MMEs) in bats around the world.We compiled a database of MMEs, defined as
cases in which ? 10 dead bats were counted or estimated at a specific location
within a maximum timescale of a year, and more typically within a few days or a
season. We tabulated 1180 MMEs within nine categories.Prior to the year 2000,
intentional killing by humans caused the greatest proportion of MMEs in bats. In
North America and Europe, people typically killed bats because they were
perceived as nuisances. Intentional killing occurred in South America for vampire
bat control, in Asia and Australia for fruit depredation control, and in Africa
and Asia for human food. Biotic factors, accidents, and natural abiotic factors
were also important historically. Chemical contaminants were confirmed causes of
MMEs in North America, Europe, and on islands. Viral and bacterial diseases
ranked low as causes of MMEs in bats.Two factors led to a major shift in causes
of MMEs in bats at around the year 2000: the global increase of industrial
wind-power facilities and the outbreak of white-nose syndrome in North America.
Collisions with wind turbines and white-nose syndrome are now the leading causes
of reported MMEs in bats.Collectively, over half of all reported MMEs were of
anthropogenic origin. The documented occurrence of MMEs in bats due to abiotic
factors such as intense storms, flooding, heat waves, and drought is likely to
increase in the future with climate change. Coupled with the chronic threats of
roosting and foraging habitat loss, increasing mortality through MMEs is unlikely
to be compensated for, given the need for high survival in the dynamics of bat
populations.
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