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2017 ; 7
(ä): 217
Nephropedia Template TP
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
2017[]; 7
(ä): 217
PMID28611952
show ga
Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and
bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state
into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to
activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced generation of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase, primed neutrophils show
enhanced responsiveness of exocytosis, NET formation, and chemotaxis. Phenotypic
changes associated with priming also include activation of a subset of functions,
including adhesion, transcription, metabolism, and rate of apoptosis. This review
summarizes the breadth of phenotypic changes associated with priming and reviews
current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind those changes. We conclude
that the current definition of priming is too restrictive. Priming represents a
combination of enhanced responsiveness and activated functions that regulate both
adaptive and innate immune responses.
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