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2014 ; 23
(11
): 2727-39
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Mosquitoes rely on their gut microbiota for development
#MMPMID24766707
Coon KL
; Vogel KJ
; Brown MR
; Strand MR
Mol Ecol
2014[Jun]; 23
(11
): 2727-39
PMID24766707
show ga
Field studies indicate adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) host low diversity
communities of bacteria that vary greatly among individuals and species. In
contrast, it remains unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, what
influences community structure, and whether the microbiome is important for
survival. Here, we used pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacterial
communities of three mosquito species reared under identical conditions. Two of
these species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, are anautogenous and must
blood-feed to produce eggs, while one, Georgecraigius atropalpus, is autogenous
and produces eggs without blood feeding. Each mosquito species contained a low
diversity community comprised primarily of aerobic bacteria acquired from the
aquatic habitat in which larvae developed. Our results suggested that the
communities in Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae larvae share more similarities with
one another than with G. atropalpus. Studies with Ae. aegypti also strongly
suggested that adults transstadially acquired several members of the larval
bacterial community, but only four genera of bacteria present in blood fed
females were detected on eggs. Functional assays showed that axenic larvae of
each species failed to develop beyond the first instar. Experiments with Ae.
aegypti indicated several members of the microbial community and Escherichia coli
successfully colonized axenic larvae and rescued development. Overall, our
results provide new insights about the acquisition and structure of bacterial
communities in mosquitoes. They also indicate that three mosquito species
spanning the breadth of the Culicidae depend on their gut microbiome for
development.