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Morphology of nuclear transcription
#MMPMID26847177
Weipoltshammer K
; Schöfer C
Histochem Cell Biol
2016[Apr]; 145
(4
): 343-58
PMID26847177
show ga
Gene expression control is a fundamental determinant of cellular life with
transcription being the most important step. The spatial nuclear arrangement of
the transcription process driven by RNA polymerases II and III is nonrandomly
organized in foci, which is believed to add another regulatory layer on gene
expression control. RNA polymerase I transcription takes place within a
specialized organelle, the nucleolus. Transcription of ribosomal RNA directly
responds to metabolic requirements, which in turn is reflected in the
architecture of nucleoli. It differs from that of the other polymerases with
respect to the gene template organization, transcription rate, and epigenetic
expression control, whereas other features are shared like the formation of DNA
loops bringing genes and components of the transcription machinery in close
proximity. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the
understanding of the structural prerequisites of nuclear transcription, of the
arrangement in the nuclear volume, and of the dynamics of these entities. Here,
we compare ribosomal RNA and mRNA transcription side by side and review the
current understanding focusing on structural aspects of transcription foci, of
their constituents, and of the dynamical behavior of these components with
respect to foci formation, disassembly, and cell cycle.
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