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2012 ; 18
(16
): 4234-9
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Molecular pathways: microRNAs as cancer therapeutics
#MMPMID22711704
Melo SA
; Kalluri R
Clin Cancer Res
2012[Aug]; 18
(16
): 4234-9
PMID22711704
show ga
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are approximately 18 to 25 nucleotides in length and affect
gene expression by silencing the translation of messenger RNAs. Because each
miRNA regulates the expression of hundreds of different genes, miRNAs can
function as master coordinators, efficiently regulating and coordinating multiple
cellular pathways and processes. By coordinating the expression of multiple
genes, miRNAs are responsible for fine-tuning the cell's most important
processes, like the ones involved in cellular growth and proliferation.
Dysregulation of miRNAs appears to play a fundamental role in the onset,
progression and dissemination of many cancers, and replacement of downregulated
miRNAs in tumor cells results in a positive therapeutic response. Thus, in
theory, inhibition of a particular miRNA linked to cancer onset or progression
can remove the inhibition of the translation of a therapeutic protein-and
conversely, administration of a miRNA mimetic can boost the endogenous miRNA
population repressing the translation of an oncogenic protein. Although several
basic questions about their biologic principles still remain to be answered, and
despite the fact that all data with respect to miRNAs and therapy are still at
the preclinical level, many specific characteristics of miRNAs in combination
with compelling therapeutic efficacy data have triggered the research community
to start exploring the possibilities of using miRNAs as potential therapeutic
candidates.