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2018 ; 25
(1
): 21
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Molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic potential of pericytes
#MMPMID29519245
Harrell CR
; Simovic Markovic B
; Fellabaum C
; Arsenijevic A
; Djonov V
; Volarevic V
J Biomed Sci
2018[Mar]; 25
(1
): 21
PMID29519245
show ga
BACKGROUND: Pericytes are multipotent cells present in every vascularized tissue
in the body. Despite the fact that they are well-known for more than a century,
pericytes are still representing cells with intriguing properties. This is mainly
because of their heterogeneity in terms of definition, tissue distribution,
origin, phenotype and multi-functional properties. The body of knowledge
illustrates importance of pericytes in the regulation of homeostatic and healing
processes in the body. MAIN BODY: In this review, we summarized current knowledge
regarding identification, isolation, ontogeny and functional characteristics of
pericytes and described molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between
pericytes and endothelial or immune cells. We highlighted the role of pericytes
in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, diabetes-related complications (retinopathy,
nephropathy, neuropathy and erectile dysfunction), ischemic organ failure,
pulmonary hypertension, Alzheimer disease, tumor growth and metastasis with the
focus on their therapeutic potential in the regenerative medicine. The functions
and capabilities of pericytes are impressive and, as yet, incompletely
understood. Molecular mechanisms responsible for pericyte-mediated regulation of
vascular stability, angiogenesis and blood flow are well described while their
regenerative and immunomodulatory characteristics are still not completely
revealed. Strong evidence for pericytes' participation in physiological, as well
as in pathological conditions reveals a broad potential for their therapeutic
use. Recently published results obtained in animal studies showed that
transplantation of pericytes could positively influence the healing of bone,
muscle and skin and could support revascularization. However, the differences in
their phenotype and function as well as the lack of standardized procedure for
their isolation and characterization limit their use in clinical trials.
CONCLUSION: Critical to further progress in clinical application of pericytes
will be identification of tissue specific pericyte phenotype and function,
validation and standardization of the procedure for their isolation that will
enable establishment of precise clinical settings in which pericyte-based therapy
will be efficiently applied.
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