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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Med+Life
2014 ; 7 Spec No. 2
(Spec Iss 2
): 38-41
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Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of sepsis
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; P?unescu V
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J Med Life
2014[]; 7 Spec No. 2
(Spec Iss 2
): 38-41
PMID25870671
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Innate immune system is a universal form of host defense against infections. The
recognition of the innate immunity is based on a limited number of encoded
receptors that have evolved to recognize microbial metabolism products. The
recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish
its own infectious components from non-communicable structures. The immune
suppression is a hallmark of sepsis. The complement system is activated in the
early stages of sepsis, generating large amounts of anaphylatoxin C5a. Complement
and TLRs (toll-like receptors) family are two major upstream sensors and
effectors systems of innate immunity. It was found that TLR4 and complement
system are involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response in sepsis.
Clinical studies in which TLR4 was blocked have not shown beneficial effects.
TLRs, that are a subfamily of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors), have emerged
as the crucial receptors for the recognition of DAMPs (Damage-associated
molecular pattern molecules). Recently, a special form of non-coding genetic
material called microRNA has been highlighted in the complex cascade of sepsis.
The individual role of every microRNA and the exact role of microRNA network are
under investigation. Currently, studies are performed in order to find micro RNA
to be used as biomarkers of sepsis. Researches are performed to determine
microRNA, small fragments of non-coding RNA, in order to distinguish between
patients with sepsis and healthy patients, and if the plasma levels of microRNA
correlate with the severity of the disease. Recent researches report that the
regulation of gene expression through microRNA plays a very important role in the
following cellular processes, for example: apoptosis, the differentiation
process, and the cell cycle.
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