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2015 ; 360
(3
): 529-44
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Molecular architecture and function of the hemidesmosome
#MMPMID26017636
Walko G
; Castañón MJ
; Wiche G
Cell Tissue Res
2015[Jun]; 360
(3
): 529-44
PMID26017636
show ga
Hemidesmosomes are multiprotein complexes that facilitate the stable adhesion of
basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The mechanical
stability of hemidesmosomes relies on multiple interactions of a few protein
components that form a membrane-embedded tightly-ordered complex. The core of
this complex is provided by integrin ?6?4 and P1a, an isoform of the cytoskeletal
linker protein plectin that is specifically associated with hemidesmosomes.
Integrin ?6?4 binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-332, whereas P1a
forms a bridge to the cytoplasmic keratin intermediate filament network. Other
important components are BPAG1e, the epithelial isoform of bullous pemphigoid
antigen 1, BPAG2, a collagen-type transmembrane protein and CD151. Inherited or
acquired diseases in which essential components of the hemidesmosome are missing
or structurally altered result in tissue fragility and blistering. Modulation of
hemidesmosome function is of crucial importance for a variety of biological
processes, such as terminal differentiation of basal keratinocytes and
keratinocyte migration during wound healing and carcinoma invasion. Here, we
review the molecular characteristics of the proteins that make up the
hemidesmosome core structure and summarize the current knowledge about how their
assembly and turnover are regulated by transcriptional and post-translational
mechanisms.