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2014 ; 4
(3
): 20130074
Nephropedia Template TP
Interface Focus
2014[Jun]; 4
(3
): 20130074
PMID24904737
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Cellular quiescence is a reversible non-proliferating state. The reactivation of
'sleep-like' quiescent cells (e.g. fibroblasts, lymphocytes and stem cells) into
proliferation is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration and a key to the
growth, development and health of higher multicellular organisms, such as
mammals. Quiescence has been a primarily phenotypic description (i.e.
non-permanent cell cycle arrest) and poorly studied. However, contrary to the
earlier thinking that quiescence is simply a passive and dormant state lacking
proliferating activities, recent studies have revealed that cellular quiescence
is actively maintained in the cell and that it corresponds to a collection of
heterogeneous states. Recent modelling and experimental work have suggested that
an Rb-E2F bistable switch plays a pivotal role in controlling the
quiescence-proliferation balance and the heterogeneous quiescent states. Other
quiescence regulatory activities may crosstalk with and impinge upon the Rb-E2F
bistable switch, forming a gene network that controls the cells' quiescent states
and their dynamic transitions to proliferation in response to noisy environmental
signals. Elucidating the dynamic control mechanisms underlying quiescence may
lead to novel therapeutic strategies that re-establish normal quiescent states,
in a variety of hyper- and hypo-proliferative diseases, including cancer and
ageing.
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