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2018 ; 34
(13
): i457-i466
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Modeling polypharmacy side effects with graph convolutional networks
#MMPMID29949996
Zitnik M
; Agrawal M
; Leskovec J
Bioinformatics
2018[Jul]; 34
(13
): i457-i466
PMID29949996
show ga
MOTIVATION: The use of drug combinations, termed polypharmacy, is common to treat
patients with complex diseases or co-existing conditions. However, a major
consequence of polypharmacy is a much higher risk of adverse side effects for the
patient. Polypharmacy side effects emerge because of drug-drug interactions, in
which activity of one drug may change, favorably or unfavorably, if taken with
another drug. The knowledge of drug interactions is often limited because these
complex relationships are rare, and are usually not observed in relatively small
clinical testing. Discovering polypharmacy side effects thus remains an important
challenge with significant implications for patient mortality and morbidity.
RESULTS: Here, we present Decagon, an approach for modeling polypharmacy side
effects. The approach constructs a multimodal graph of protein-protein
interactions, drug-protein target interactions and the polypharmacy side effects,
which are represented as drug-drug interactions, where each side effect is an
edge of a different type. Decagon is developed specifically to handle such
multimodal graphs with a large number of edge types. Our approach develops a new
graph convolutional neural network for multirelational link prediction in
multimodal networks. Unlike approaches limited to predicting simple drug-drug
interaction values, Decagon can predict the exact side effect, if any, through
which a given drug combination manifests clinically. Decagon accurately predicts
polypharmacy side effects, outperforming baselines by up to 69%. We find that it
automatically learns representations of side effects indicative of co-occurrence
of polypharmacy in patients. Furthermore, Decagon models particularly well
polypharmacy side effects that have a strong molecular basis, while on
predominantly non-molecular side effects, it achieves good performance because of
effective sharing of model parameters across edge types. Decagon opens up
opportunities to use large pharmacogenomic and patient population data to flag
and prioritize polypharmacy side effects for follow-up analysis via formal
pharmacological studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Source code and
preprocessed datasets are at: http://snap.stanford.edu/decagon.
|*Drug Interactions
[MESH]
|*Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
[MESH]