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2015 ; 38
(4
): 655-80
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Mitochondrial transcript maturation and its disorders
#MMPMID26016801
Van Haute L
; Pearce SF
; Powell CA
; D'Souza AR
; Nicholls TJ
; Minczuk M
J Inherit Metab Dis
2015[Jul]; 38
(4
): 655-80
PMID26016801
show ga
Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical
presentations owing to defective mitochondrial energy production through
oxidative phosphorylation. These defects can be caused by either mutations in the
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or mutations in nuclear genes coding for
mitochondrially-targeted proteins. The underlying pathomechanisms can affect
numerous pathways involved in mitochondrial biology including expression of
mtDNA-encoded genes. Expression of the mitochondrial genes is extensively
regulated at the post-transcriptional stage and entails nucleolytic cleavage of
precursor RNAs, RNA nucleotide modifications, RNA polyadenylation, RNA quality
and stability control. These processes ensure proper mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA)
function, and are regulated by dedicated, nuclear-encoded enzymes. Recent growing
evidence suggests that mutations in these nuclear genes, leading to incorrect
maturation of RNAs, are a cause of human mitochondrial disease. Additionally,
mutations in mtDNA-encoded genes may also affect RNA maturation and are
frequently associated with human disease. We review the current knowledge on a
subset of nuclear-encoded genes coding for proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA
maturation, for which genetic variants impacting upon mitochondrial
pathophysiology have been reported. Also, primary pathological mtDNA mutations
with recognised effects upon RNA processing are described.