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2015 ; 14
(1
): 5-21
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Mitochondrial targets for pharmacological intervention in human disease
#MMPMID25367773
Malty RH
; Jessulat M
; Jin K
; Musso G
; Vlasblom J
; Phanse S
; Zhang Z
; Babu M
J Proteome Res
2015[Jan]; 14
(1
): 5-21
PMID25367773
show ga
Over the past several years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to an
increasing number of human illnesses, making mitochondrial proteins (MPs) an ever
more appealing target for therapeutic intervention. With 20% of the mitochondrial
proteome (312 of an estimated 1500 MPs) having known interactions with small
molecules, MPs appear to be highly targetable. Yet, despite these targeted
proteins functioning in a range of biological processes (including induction of
apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and metabolism), very few of the compounds
targeting MPs find clinical use. Recent work has greatly expanded the number of
proteins known to localize to the mitochondria and has generated a considerable
increase in MP 3D structures available in public databases, allowing experimental
screening and in silico prediction of mitochondrial drug targets on an
unprecedented scale. Here, we summarize the current literature on clinically
active drugs that target MPs, with a focus on how existing drug targets are
distributed across biochemical pathways and organelle substructures. Also, we
examine current strategies for mitochondrial drug discovery, focusing on genetic,
proteomic, and chemogenomic assays, and relevant model systems. As cell models
and screening techniques improve, MPs appear poised to emerge as relevant targets
for a wide range of complex human diseases, an eventuality that can be expedited
through systematic analysis of MP function.