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2015 ; 14
(9
): 1365-9
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Mitochondrial fragmentation in excitotoxicity requires ROCK activation
#MMPMID25789413
Martorell-Riera A
; Segarra-Mondejar M
; Reina M
; Martínez-Estrada OM
; Soriano FX
Cell Cycle
2015[]; 14
(9
): 1365-9
PMID25789413
show ga
Mitochondria morphology constantly changes through fission and fusion processes
that regulate mitochondrial function, and it therefore plays a prominent role in
cellular homeostasis. Cell death progression is associated with mitochondrial
fission. Fission is mediated by the mainly cytoplasmic Drp1, which is activated
by different post-translational modifications and recruited to mitochondria to
perform its function. Our research and other studies have shown that in the early
moments of excitotoxic insult Drp1 must be nitrosylated to mediate mitochondrial
fragmentation in neurons. Nonetheless, mitochondrial fission is a multistep
process in which filamentous actin assembly/disassembly and myosin-mediated
mitochondrial constriction play prominent roles. Here we establish that in
addition to nitric oxide production, excitotoxicity-induced mitochondrial
fragmentation also requires activation of the actomyosin regulator ROCK. Although
ROCK1 has been shown to phosphorylate and activate Drp1, experiments using
phosphor-mutant forms of Drp1 in primary cortical neurons indicate that in
excitotoxic conditions, ROCK does not act directly on Drp1 to mediate fission,
but may act on the actomyosin complex. Thus, these data indicate that a wider
range of signaling pathways than those that target Drp1 are amenable to be
inhibited to prevent mitochondrial fragmentation as therapeutic option.