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Mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy
#MMPMID25738230
Galloway CA
; Yoon Y
Antioxid Redox Signal
2015[Jun]; 22
(17
): 1545-62
PMID25738230
show ga
SIGNIFICANCE: Cardiac function is energetically demanding, reliant on efficient
well-coupled mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate and fulfill the
cardiac demand. Predictably then, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with
cardiac pathologies, often related to metabolic disease, most commonly diabetes.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by decreased left ventricular
function, arises independently of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis.
Dysregulation of Ca(2+) handling, metabolic changes, and oxidative stress are
observed in DCM, abnormalities reflected in alterations in mitochondrial
energetics. Cardiac tissue from DCM patients also presents with altered
mitochondrial morphology, suggesting a possible role of mitochondrial dynamics in
its pathological progression. RECENT ADVANCES: Abnormal mitochondrial morphology
is associated with pathologies across diverse tissues, suggesting that this
highly regulated process is essential for proper cell maintenance and
physiological homeostasis. Highly structured cardiac myofibers were hypothesized
to limit alterations in mitochondrial morphology; however, recent work has
identified morphological changes in cardiac tissue, specifically in DCM. CRITICAL
ISSUES: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported independently from
observations of altered mitochondrial morphology in DCM. The temporal
relationship and causative nature between functional and morphological changes of
mitochondria in the establishment/progression of DCM is unclear. FUTURE
DIRECTIONS: Altered mitochondrial energetics and morphology are not only causal
for but also consequential to reactive oxygen species production, hence
exacerbating oxidative damage through reciprocal amplification, which is integral
to the progression of DCM. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for DCM will require
better mechanistic characterization of morphological distortion and bioenergetic
dysfunction.
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