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2016 ; 594
(3
): 509-25
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Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
#MMPMID26537557
Vásquez-Trincado C
; García-Carvajal I
; Pennanen C
; Parra V
; Hill JA
; Rothermel BA
; Lavandero S
J Physiol
2016[Feb]; 594
(3
): 509-25
PMID26537557
show ga
Cardiac hypertrophy is often initiated as an adaptive response to haemodynamic
stress or myocardial injury, and allows the heart to meet an increased demand for
oxygen. Although initially beneficial, hypertrophy can ultimately contribute to
the progression of cardiac disease, leading to an increase in interstitial
fibrosis and a decrease in ventricular function. Metabolic changes have emerged
as key mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pathological
remodelling. As the myocardium is a highly oxidative tissue, mitochondria play a
central role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. 'Mitochondrial
dynamics', the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and
mitophagy that determine mitochondrial morphology, quality and abundance have
recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease. Studies link mitochondrial
dynamics to the balance between energy demand and nutrient supply, suggesting
that changes in mitochondrial morphology may act as a mechanism for bioenergetic
adaptation during cardiac pathological remodelling. Another critical function of
mitochondrial dynamics is the removal of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria
through mitophagy, which is dependent on the fission/fusion cycle. In this
article, we discuss the latest findings regarding the impact of mitochondrial
dynamics and mitophagy on the development and progression of cardiovascular
pathologies, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, damage from
ischaemia-reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy and decompensated heart failure. We
will address the ability of mitochondrial fusion and fission to impact all cell
types within the myocardium, including cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and
vascular smooth muscle cells. Finally, we will discuss how these findings can be
applied to improve the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.