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2014 ; 28
(9
): 1408-22
Nephropedia Template TP
Mol Endocrinol
2014[Sep]; 28
(9
): 1408-22
PMID25051170
show ga
Implantation is an essential process during establishment of pregnancy in
mammals. It is initiated with the attachment of the blastocyst to a receptive
uterine epithelium followed by its invasion into the stromal tissue. These events
are profoundly regulated by the steroid hormones 17?-estradiol and progesterone.
During the past several years, mouse models harboring conditional gene knockout
mutations have become powerful tools for determining the functional roles of
cellular factors involved in various aspects of implantation biology. Studies
using these genetic models as well as primary cultures of human endometrial cells
have established that the estrogen receptor ?, the progesterone receptor, and
their downstream target genes critically regulate uterine growth and
differentiation, which in turn control embryo-endometrial interactions during
early pregnancy. These studies have uncovered a diverse array of molecular cues,
which are produced under the influence of estrogen receptor ? and progesterone
receptor and exchanged between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the
uterus during the progressive phases of implantation. These paracrine signals are
critical for acquisition of uterine receptivity and functional interactions with
the embryo. This review highlights recent work describing paracrine mechanisms
that govern steroid-regulated uterine epithelial-stromal dialogue during
implantation and their roles in fertility and disease.
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