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2017 ; 66
(7
): 1770-1778
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Mining the Genome for Therapeutic Targets
#MMPMID28603140
Florez JC
Diabetes
2017[Jul]; 66
(7
): 1770-1778
PMID28603140
show ga
Current pharmacological options for type 2 diabetes do not cure the disease.
Despite the availability of multiple drug classes that modulate glycemia
effectively and minimize long-term complications, these agents do not reverse
pathogenesis, and in practice they are not selected to correct the molecular
profile specific to the patient. Pharmaceutical companies find drug development
programs increasingly costly and burdensome, and many promising compounds fail
before launch to market. Human genetics can help advance the therapeutic
enterprise. Genomic discovery that is agnostic to preexisting knowledge has
uncovered dozens of loci that influence glycemic dysregulation. Physiological
investigation has begun to define disease subtypes, clarifying heterogeneity and
suggesting molecular pathways for intervention. Convincing genetic associations
have paved the way for the identification of effector transcripts that underlie
the phenotype, and genetic or experimental proof of gain or loss of function in
select cases has clarified the direction of effect to guide therapeutic
development. Genetic studies can also examine off-target effects and furnish
causal inference. As this information is curated and made widely available to all
stakeholders, it is hoped that it will enhance therapeutic development pipelines
by accelerating efficiency, maximizing cost-effectiveness, and raising ultimate
success rates.
|*Genomics
[MESH]
|*Molecular Targeted Therapy
[MESH]
|Blood Glucose/metabolism
[MESH]
|Causality
[MESH]
|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/classification/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]