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2014 ; 8
(3
): 187-94
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Microtubule networks for plant cell division
#MMPMID25136380
de Keijzer J
; Mulder BM
; Janson ME
Syst Synth Biol
2014[Sep]; 8
(3
): 187-94
PMID25136380
show ga
During cytokinesis the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells.
In animal cells, the existing plasma membrane is first constricted and then
abscised to generate two individual plasma membranes. Plant cells on the other
hand divide by forming an interior dividing wall, the so-called cell plate, which
is constructed by localized deposition of membrane and cell wall material.
Construction starts in the centre of the cell at the locus of the mitotic spindle
and continues radially towards the existing plasma membrane. Finally the membrane
of the cell plate and plasma membrane fuse to form two individual plasma
membranes. Two microtubule-based cytoskeletal networks, the phragmoplast and the
pre-prophase band (PPB), jointly control cytokinesis in plants. The bipolar
microtubule array of the phragmoplast regulates cell plate deposition towards a
cortical position that is templated by the ring-shaped microtubule array of the
PPB. In contrast to most animal cells, plants do not use centrosomes as foci of
microtubule growth initiation. Instead, plant microtubule networks are striking
examples of self-organizing systems that emerge from physically constrained
interactions of dispersed microtubules. Here we will discuss how
microtubule-based activities including growth, shrinkage, severing, sliding,
nucleation and bundling interrelate to jointly generate the required ordered
structures. Evidence mounts that adapter proteins sense the local geometry of
microtubules to locally modulate the activity of proteins involved in microtubule
growth regulation and severing. Many of the proteins and mechanisms involved have
roles in other microtubule assemblies as well, bestowing broader relevance to
insights gained from plants.
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