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2016 ; 8
(1
): 40
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Microbiome mediation of infections in the cancer setting
#MMPMID27090860
Taur Y
; Pamer EG
Genome Med
2016[Apr]; 8
(1
): 40
PMID27090860
show ga
Infections encountered in the cancer setting may arise from intensive cancer
treatments or may result from the cancer itself, leading to risk of infections
through immune compromise, disruption of anatomic barriers, and exposure to
nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogens. Consequently, cancer-related infections
are unique and epidemiologically distinct from those in other patient populations
and may be particularly challenging for clinicians to treat. There is increasing
evidence that the microbiome is a crucial factor in the cancer patient's risk for
infectious complications. Frequently encountered pathogens with observed ties to
the microbiome include vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and
Clostridium difficile; these organisms can exist in the human body without
disease under normal circumstances, but all can arise as infections when the
microbiome is disrupted. In the cancer patient, such disruptions may result from
interventions such as chemotherapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, or anatomic
alteration through surgery. In this review, we discuss evidence of the
significant role of the microbiome in cancer-related infections; how a better
understanding of the role of the microbiome can facilitate our understanding of
these complications; and how this knowledge might be exploited to improve
outcomes in cancer patients and reduce risk of infection.
|*Microbiota
[MESH]
|Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use
[MESH]