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2017 ; 19
(4
): 1366-1378
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Microbial nutrient niches in the gut
#MMPMID28035742
Pereira FC
; Berry D
Environ Microbiol
2017[Apr]; 19
(4
): 1366-1378
PMID28035742
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The composition and function of the mammalian gut microbiota has been the subject
of much research in recent years, but the principles underlying the assembly and
structure of this complex community remain incompletely understood. Processes
that shape the gut microbiota are thought to be mostly niche-driven, with
environmental factors such as the composition of available nutrients largely
determining whether or not an organism can establish. The concept that the
nutrient landscape dictates which organisms can successfully colonize and persist
in the gut was first proposed in Rolf Freter's nutrient niche theory. In a
situation where nutrients are perfectly mixed and there is balanced microbial
growth, Freter postulated that an organism can only survive if it is able to
utilize one or a few limiting nutrients more efficiently than its competitors.
Recent experimental work indicates, however, that nutrients in the gut vary in
space and time. We propose that in such a scenario, Freter's nutrient niche
theory must be expanded to account for the co-existence of microorganisms
utilizing the same nutrients but in distinct sites or at different times, and
that metabolic flexibility and mixed-substrate utilization are common strategies
for survival in the face of ever-present nutrient fluctuations.
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