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2016 ; 4
(ä): e2376
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Microbial diversity of extreme habitats in human homes
#MMPMID27672493
Savage AM
; Hills J
; Driscoll K
; Fergus DJ
; Grunden AM
; Dunn RR
PeerJ
2016[]; 4
(ä): e2376
PMID27672493
show ga
High-throughput sequencing techniques have opened up the world of microbial
diversity to scientists, and a flurry of studies in the most remote and extreme
habitats on earth have begun to elucidate the key roles of microbes in ecosystems
with extreme conditions. These same environmental extremes can also be found
closer to humans, even in our homes. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing
techniques to assess bacterial and archaeal diversity in the extreme environments
inside human homes (e.g., dishwashers, hot water heaters, washing machine bleach
reservoirs, etc.). We focused on habitats in the home with extreme temperature,
pH, and chemical environmental conditions. We found a lower diversity of microbes
in these extreme home environments compared to less extreme habitats in the home.
However, we were nonetheless able to detect sequences from a relatively diverse
array of bacteria and archaea. Habitats with extreme temperatures alone appeared
to be able to support a greater diversity of microbes than habitats with extreme
pH or extreme chemical environments alone. Microbial diversity was lowest when
habitats had both extreme temperature and one of these other extremes. In
habitats with both extreme temperatures and extreme pH, taxa with known
associations with extreme conditions dominated. Our findings highlight the
importance of examining interactive effects of multiple environmental extremes on
microbial communities. Inasmuch as taxa from extreme environments can be both
beneficial and harmful to humans, our findings also suggest future work to
understand both the threats and opportunities posed by the life in these
habitats.