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2016 ; 8
(1
): 21-33
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MicroRNAs: The Role in Autoimmune Inflammation
#MMPMID27099782
Baulina NM
; Kulakova OG
; Favorova OO
Acta Naturae
2016[Jan]; 8
(1
): 21-33
PMID27099782
show ga
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene
expression at the post-transcriptional level through base-pairing predominantly
with a 3'-untranslated region of target mRNA, followed by mRNA degradation or
translational repression. Totally, miRNAs change, through a complex regulatory
network, the expression of more than 60% of human genes. MiRNAs are key
regulators of the immune response that affect maturation, proliferation,
differentiation, and activation of immune cells, as well as antibody secretion
and release of inflammatory mediators. Disruption of this regulation may lead to
the development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmune
inflammation. This review summarizes the data on biogenesis and the mechanisms of
miRNA action. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development and the action of
the immune system, as well as in the development of an autoimmune inflammatory
response. Special attention is given to the role of miRNAs in the autoimmune
inflammation in multiple sclerosis, which is a serious socially significant
disease of the central nervous system. Currently, a lot of research is focused on
this problem.
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