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2015 ; 30
(6
): 910-7
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MicroRNAs in kidney transplantation
#MMPMID25170095
Wilflingseder J
; Reindl-Schwaighofer R
; Sunzenauer J
; Kainz A
; Heinzel A
; Mayer B
; Oberbauer R
Nephrol Dial Transplant
2015[Jun]; 30
(6
): 910-7
PMID25170095
show ga
The discovery of novel classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has revolutionized
medicine. Long thought to be a mere cellular housekeeper, surprising functions
have recently been uncovered. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are a representative of the
class of short ncRNAs, play a fundamental role in the control of DNA and protein
biosynthesis and activity as well as pathology. Currently, miRNAs are being
investigated as diagnostic and prognostic markers and potential therapeutic
targets in kidney transplantation for such indolent processes as
ischaemia-reperfusion injury, humoral rejection or viral infections. It is
realistic to believe that monitoring of renal allograft recipients in the future
will include genome-wide miRNA profiling of biological fluids. Based on these
individual profiles, an informed decision on therapeutic consequences will be
possible. A first success with a specific suppression of miRNAs by antisense
oligonucleotides was achieved in experimental studies of reperfusion injury and
humoral rejection. Proof of this concept in men comes from studies in such
indolent viral infections as Ebola and hepatitis C, where anti-miR therapy led to
sustained viral clearance. In this review, we summarize the basis of the recent
ncRNA revolution and its implication for kidney transplantation.