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2015 ; 101
(12
): 921-8
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MicroRNAs in cardiovascular disease: an introduction for clinicians
#MMPMID25814653
Romaine SP
; Tomaszewski M
; Condorelli G
; Samani NJ
Heart
2015[Jun]; 101
(12
): 921-8
PMID25814653
show ga
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, RNA molecules approximately 22
nucleotides in length which act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene
expression. Individual miRNAs have been shown to regulate the expression of
multiple genes. Conversely, the expression of individual genes can be regulated
by multiple miRNAs. Consequently, since their discovery just over 20 years ago,
miRNAs have been identified as key regulators of complex biological processes
linked to multiple cardiovascular pathologies, including left ventricular
hypertrophy, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, hypertension and
arrhythmias. Furthermore, since the finding that miRNAs are present in the
circulation, they have been investigated as novel biomarkers, especially in the
context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. While there is
little convincing evidence that miRNAs can outperform traditional biomarkers,
such as cardiac troponins, in the diagnosis of AMI, there is potential for miRNAs
to complement existing risk prediction models and act as valuable markers of
post-AMI prognosis. Encouragingly, the concept of miRNA-based therapeutics is
developing, with synthetic antagonists of miRNAs (antagomiRs) currently in phase
II trials for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. In the
cardiovascular field, promising preclinical studies suggest that they could be
useful in treating disorders ranging from heart failure to dyslipidaemia,
although several challenges related to specificity and targeted delivery remain
to be overcome. Through this review, we provide clinicians with a brief overview
of the ever-expanding world of miRNAs.