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2016 ; 7
(41
): 67597-67611
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MicroRNAs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer
#MMPMID27588490
Sekhon K
; Bucay N
; Majid S
; Dahiya R
; Saini S
Oncotarget
2016[Oct]; 7
(41
): 67597-67611
PMID27588490
show ga
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of male cancer-related deaths. A
significant fraction of prostate tumors are very aggressive, often metastasizing
to bone, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Also, PCa is associated
with high rates of recurrence, often attributed to the existence of cancer stem
cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process characterized by
decreased expression of epithelial genes and increased expression of mesenchymal
genes, plays a critical role in tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence. In
PCa, EMT has been implicated particularly in the context of metastatic disease
and microRNAs have emerged as critical post-transcriptional regulators of PCa
EMT. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in PCa EMT that play a role
in progression, metastasis and recurrence. Studies till date suggest that
microRNAs mediate efficient and reversible control of PCa EMT via multiple
mechanisms including either by (i) directly repressing single or multiple EMT-TFs
or regulating cytoskeletal components (epithelial/mesenchymal genes) or (ii)
regulating key signaling pathways involved in EMT. Oncogenic microRNAs often act
as EMT promoters by repressing epithelial characteristics and tumor suppressive
miRNAs act by inhibiting mesenchymal progression. Further, EMT is mechanistically
linked to stem cell signatures in PCa and several miRNAs implicated in EMT have
been reported to influence PCa stem cells. Loss of EMT-inhibiting miRNAs and/or
gain of EMT promoting miRNAs lead to induction of PCa EMT, leading to tumor
progression, metastasis and recurrence. Restoring expression of tumor suppressive
miRNAs and inhibiting oncogenic miRNAs represent potential therapeutic
opportunities to prevent disease metastasis and recurrence.