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2016 ; 163
(ä): 48-57
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MicroRNAs and drug-induced kidney injury
#MMPMID27126472
Pavkovic M
; Vaidya VS
Pharmacol Ther
2016[Jul]; 163
(ä): 48-57
PMID27126472
show ga
Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is a severe complication in hospitalized
patients associated with higher probabilities of developing progressive chronic
kidney disease or end-stage renal diseases. Furthermore, DIKI is a problem during
preclinical and clinical phases of drug development leading to high rates of
project terminations. Understanding the molecular perturbations caused by DIKI
would pave the way for a new class of therapeutics to mitigate the damage. Yet,
another approach to ameliorate DIKI is identifying sensitive and specific
translational biomarkers that outperform the current diagnostic analytes like
serum creatinine and facilitate early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of
non-coding RNAs, are increasingly being recognized to have a two-pronged approach
toward DIKI management: 1) miRNAs have a regulatory role in gene expression and
signaling pathways thereby making them novel interventional targets and 2) miRNAs
enable diagnosis and prognosis of DIKI because of their stable presence in
biofluids. In this review, apart from summarizing the literature on miRNAs in
DIKI, we report small RNA sequencing results showing miRNA expression profiles at
baseline in normal kidney samples from mice and humans. Additionally, we also
compared the miRNA expression in biopsies of normal human kidneys to patients
with acute tubular necrosis, and found 76 miRNAs significantly downregulated and
47 miRNAs upregulated (FDR adjusted p<0.05, +/-2-fold change). In summary, we
highlight the transformative potential of miRNAs in therapeutics and
translational medicine with a focus on drug-induced kidney damage.