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2015 ; 3
(ä): 69
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MicroRNAs and Potential Targets in Osteosarcoma: Review
#MMPMID26380245
Sampson VB
; Yoo S
; Kumar A
; Vetter NS
; Kolb EA
Front Pediatr
2015[]; 3
(ä): 69
PMID26380245
show ga
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and young adults. Surgery
and multi-agent chemotherapy are the standard treatment regimens for this
disease. New therapies are being investigated to improve overall survival in
patients. Molecular targets that actively modulate cell processes, such as
cell-cycle control, cell proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis, have been
studied, but it remains a challenge to develop novel, effective-targeted
therapies to treat this heterogeneous and complex disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are
small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating cell processes
including growth, development, and disease. miRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor
suppressors to regulate gene and protein expression. Several studies have
demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma with
the potential for development in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. In this
review, we discuss the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs and their target
genes and evaluate their potential use as therapeutic agents in osteosarcoma. We
also summarize the efficacy of inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs or expression of
tumor suppressor miRNAs in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Recent progress on
systemic delivery as well as current applications for miRNAs as therapeutic
agents has seen the advancement of miR-34a in clinical trials for adult patients
with non-resectable primary liver cancer or metastatic cancer with liver
involvement. We suggest a global approach to the understanding of the
pathogenesis of osteosarcoma may identify candidate miRNAs as promising
biomarkers for this rare disease.