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2017 ; 8
(ä): 1062
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MicroRNA: Dynamic Regulators of Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity
#MMPMID28912781
Self-Fordham JB
; Naqvi AR
; Uttamani JR
; Kulkarni V
; Nares S
Front Immunol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 1062
PMID28912781
show ga
The ability of a healthy immune system to clear the plethora of antigens it
encounters incessantly relies on the enormous plasticity displayed by the
comprising cell types. Macrophages (M?s) are crucial member of the mononuclear
phagocyte system (MPS) that constantly patrol the peripheral tissues and are
actively recruited to the sites of injury and infection. In tissues, infiltrating
monocytes replenish M?. Under the guidance of the local micro-milieu, M? can be
activated to acquire specialized functional phenotypes. Similar to T cells,
functional polarization of macrophage phenotype viz., inflammatory (M1) and
reparative (M2) is proposed. Equipped with diverse toll-like receptors (TLRs),
these cells of the innate arm of immunity recognize and phagocytize antigens and
secrete cytokines that activate the adaptive arm of the immune system and perform
key roles in wound repair. Dysregulation of M? plasticity has been associated
with various diseases and infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical
regulators of transcriptome output. Their importance in maintaining health, and
their contribution toward disease, encompasses virtually all aspects of human
biology. Our understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of M? plasticity and
polarization can be utilized to modulate functional phenotypes to counter their
role in the pathogenesis of numerous disease, including cancer, autoimmunity,
periodontitis, etc. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding
the role of miRNA in shaping M? polarization and plasticity through targeting of
various pathways and genes. Identification of miRNA biomarkers of
diagnostic/prognostic value and their therapeutic potential by delivery of miRNA
mimics or inhibitors to dynamically alter gene expression profiles in vivo is
highlighted.