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2015 ; 34
(24
): 3085-94
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MicroRNA regulons in tumor microenvironment
#MMPMID25132266
Suzuki HI
; Katsura A
; Matsuyama H
; Miyazono K
Oncogene
2015[Jun]; 34
(24
): 3085-94
PMID25132266
show ga
Cancer initiation and progression are defined by the behavior of cancer cells per
se and the development of tumor tissues, both of which are modulated by crosstalk
between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Advances in cancer
research have highlighted the significance of constant evolution of the tumor
microenvironment, leading to tumor formation, metastasis and refractoriness to
therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as major
players of posttranscriptional gene regulation in diverse biological processes.
They function as both tumor suppressors and promoters in many aspects of the
autonomous behavior of cancer cells. Theoretically, dysfunction in the gene
regulatory networks of cancer cells is one of the major driving forces for
alterations of ostensibly normal surrounding cells. In this context, the core
targets of miRNAs, termed miRNA regulons, are currently being expanded to include
various modulators of the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances have
highlighted two important roles played by miRNAs in the evolution of tumor
microenvironments: miRNAs in tumor cells transform the microenvironment via
non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, and miRNAs in neighboring cells stabilize cancer
hallmark traits. These observations epitomize the distal and proximal functions
of miRNAs in tumor microenvironments, respectively. Such regulation by miRNAs
affects tumor angiogenesis, immune invasion and tumor-stromal interactions. This
review summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated regulation
of tumor microenvironments, with a perspective on the design of therapeutic
interventions.
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