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2016 ; 36
(37
): 9547-57
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Methylphenidate Modulates Functional Network Connectivity to Enhance Attention
#MMPMID27629707
Rosenberg MD
; Zhang S
; Hsu WT
; Scheinost D
; Finn ES
; Shen X
; Constable RT
; Li CS
; Chun MM
J Neurosci
2016[Sep]; 36
(37
): 9547-57
PMID27629707
show ga
Recent work has demonstrated that human whole-brain functional connectivity
patterns measured with fMRI contain information about cognitive abilities,
including sustained attention. To derive behavioral predictions from connectivity
patterns, our group developed a connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM)
approach (Finn et al., 2015; Rosenberg et al., 2016). Previously using CPM, we
defined a high-attention network, comprising connections positively correlated
with performance on a sustained attention task, and a low-attention network,
comprising connections negatively correlated with performance. Validating the
networks as generalizable biomarkers of attention, models based on network
strength at rest predicted attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
symptoms in an independent group of individuals (Rosenberg et al., 2016). To
investigate whether these networks play a causal role in attention, here we
examined their strength in healthy adults given methylphenidate (Ritalin), a
common ADHD treatment, compared with unmedicated controls. As predicted,
individuals given methylphenidate showed patterns of connectivity associated with
better sustained attention: higher high-attention and lower low-attention network
strength than controls. There was significant overlap between the high-attention
network and a network with greater strength in the methylphenidate group, and
between the low-attention network and a network with greater strength in the
control group. Network strength also predicted behavior on a stop-signal task,
such that participants with higher go response rates showed higher high-attention
and lower low-attention network strength. These results suggest that
methylphenidate acts by modulating functional brain networks related to sustained
attention, and that changing whole-brain connectivity patterns may help improve
attention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recent work identified a promising neuromarker
of sustained attention based on whole-brain functional connectivity networks. To
investigate the causal role of these networks in attention, we examined their
response to a dose of methylphenidate, a common and effective treatment for
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in healthy adults. As predicted,
individuals on methylphenidate showed connectivity signatures of better sustained
attention: higher high-attention and lower low-attention network strength than
controls. These results suggest that methylphenidate acts by modulating strength
in functional brain networks related to attention, and that changing whole-brain
connectivity patterns may improve attention.
|*Connectome
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Attention/*drug effects
[MESH]
|Brain/diagnostic imaging/*drug effects
[MESH]
|Central Nervous System Stimulants/*pharmacology
[MESH]
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