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2016 ; 61
(1
): 21-5
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Methodology Series Module 1: Cohort Studies
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Setia MS
Indian J Dermatol
2016[Jan]; 61
(1
): 21-5
PMID26955090
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Cohort design is a type of nonexperimental or observational study design. In a
cohort study, the participants do not have the outcome of interest to begin with.
They are selected based on the exposure status of the individual. They are then
followed over time to evaluate for the occurrence of the outcome of interest.
Some examples of cohort studies are (1) Framingham Cohort study, (2) Swiss HIV
Cohort study, and (3) The Danish Cohort study of psoriasis and depression. These
studies may be prospective, retrospective, or a combination of both of these
types. Since at the time of entry into the cohort study, the individuals do not
have outcome, the temporality between exposure and outcome is well defined in a
cohort design. If the exposure is rare, then a cohort design is an efficient
method to study the relation between exposure and outcomes. A retrospective
cohort study can be completed fast and is relatively inexpensive compared with a
prospective cohort study. Follow-up of the study participants is very important
in a cohort study, and losses are an important source of bias in these types of
studies. These studies are used to estimate the cumulative incidence and
incidence rate. One of the main strengths of a cohort study is the longitudinal
nature of the data. Some of the variables in the data will be time-varying and
some may be time independent. Thus, advanced modeling techniques (such as fixed
and random effects models) are useful in analysis of these studies.
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