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Metalloregulation of Helicobacter pylori physiology and pathogenesis
#MMPMID26388855
Haley KP
; Gaddy JA
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(?): 911
PMID26388855
show ga
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes
over half of the world's population. Chronic H. pylori infection is associated
with increased risk for numerous disease outcomes including gastritis, dysplasia,
neoplasia, B-cell lymphoma of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma),
and invasive adenocarcinoma. The complex interactions that occur between pathogen
and host are dynamic and exquisitely regulated, and the relationship between H.
pylori and its human host are no exception. To successfully colonize, and
subsequently persist, within the human stomach H. pylori must temporally regulate
numerous genes to ensure localization to the gastric lumen and coordinated
expression of virulence factors to subvert the host's innate and adaptive immune
response. H. pylori achieves this precise gene regulation by sensing subtle
environmental changes including host-mediated alterations in nutrient
availability and responding with dramatic global changes in gene expression.
Recent studies revealed that the presence or absence of numerous metal ions
encountered in the lumen of the stomach, or within host tissues, including
nickel, iron, copper and zinc, can influence regulatory networks to alter gene
expression in H. pylori. These expression changes modulate the deployment of
bacterial virulence factors that can ultimately influence disease outcome. In
this review we will discuss the environmental stimuli that are detected by H.
pylori as well as the trans regulatory elements, specifically the transcription
regulators and transcription factors, that allow for these significant
transcriptional shifts.