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2016 ; 19
(1
): 117-26
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Mesolimbic dopamine signals the value of work
#MMPMID26595651
Hamid AA
; Pettibone JR
; Mabrouk OS
; Hetrick VL
; Schmidt R
; Vander Weele CM
; Kennedy RT
; Aragona BJ
; Berke JD
Nat Neurosci
2016[Jan]; 19
(1
): 117-26
PMID26595651
show ga
Dopamine cell firing can encode errors in reward prediction, providing a learning
signal to guide future behavior. Yet dopamine is also a key modulator of
motivation, invigorating current behavior. Existing theories propose that fast
(phasic) dopamine fluctuations support learning, whereas much slower (tonic)
dopamine changes are involved in motivation. We examined dopamine release in the
nucleus accumbens across multiple time scales, using complementary microdialysis
and voltammetric methods during adaptive decision-making. We found that
minute-by-minute dopamine levels covaried with reward rate and motivational
vigor. Second-by-second dopamine release encoded an estimate of temporally
discounted future reward (a value function). Changing dopamine immediately
altered willingness to work and reinforced preceding action choices by encoding
temporal-difference reward prediction errors. Our results indicate that dopamine
conveys a single, rapidly evolving decision variable, the available reward for
investment of effort, which is employed for both learning and motivational
functions.
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