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2015 ; 112
(21-22
): 375-86; quiz 386
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Mental Disorders in Early Childhood
#MMPMID26149380
von Klitzing K
; Döhnert M
; Kroll M
; Grube M
Dtsch Arztebl Int
2015[May]; 112
(21-22
): 375-86; quiz 386
PMID26149380
show ga
BACKGROUND: About 17% of all children suffer from a mental disorder in early
childhood, defined as the period up to the age of 6 years. METHODS: This review
is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Web of
Science, as well as on the authors' clinical and scientific experience. RESULTS:
In children up to age 2, disorders of emotional and motor regulation are common
(ca. 7%), as are feeding problems (25%), which persist in 2% of children to meet
the diagnostic criteria for a feeding disorder. Reactive attachment disorder, a
serious mental illness, has a prevalence of about 1%: it is more common among
children in situations of increased risk, e.g., orphanages and foster homes.
Preschool children can develop anxiety disorder and depressive disorder, as well
as hyperactivity and behavioral disorders (the latter two mainly in boys). Parent
training and parent-child psychotherapy have been found to be effective
treatments. There is no evidence that psychotropic drugs are effective in early
childhood. CONCLUSION: The diagnostician should act cautiously when assigning
psychopathological significance to symptoms arising in early childhood but should
still be able to recognize mental disorders early from the way they are embedded
in the child's interactive relationships with parents or significant others, and
then to initiate the appropriate treatment. Psychotherapy in this age group is
still in need of validation by efficacy studies and longitudinal studies of
adequate quality.