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2014 ; 54
(12
): 958-65
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Medical management of functioning pituitary adenoma: an update
#MMPMID25446388
Oki Y
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
2014[]; 54
(12
): 958-65
PMID25446388
show ga
The treatment of functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) must achieve
endocrinological remission as well as tumor size reduction. The first-line
treatment of FPA except prolactinoma is transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Medical
treatments and/or radiation will be applied as adjuvant therapies succeeding to
TSS. In patients with prolactinoma, dopamine agonists, especially cabergoline,
are quite efficient. Dopamine agonists decrease plasma prolactin levels and
induce shrinkage in most patients and can be ceased in some of them. In patients
with acromegaly, dopamine agonists, somatostatin analogues, and growth hormone
receptor antagonist have been used as a monotherapy or the combination, and the
high remission rate can be achieved. Pasireotide having high affinity to type 5
somatostatin receptors will be available for the patients presenting resistance
against type 2 receptor agonists, such as octreotide and lanreotide. The
preceding treatment with somatostatin analogues is beneficial for improving the
success rate of TSS. The chimera compounds of somatostatin analogues and dopamine
agonists have been investigated. The medical treatments of Cushing's disease are
challenging, if TSS is not successful. To suppress ACTH secretion, dopamine
agonists and somatostatin analogues have been examined, but neither came to show
a sufficient effect. Pasireotide reduces urinary cortisol excretion with a high
remission rate. Adrenal enzyme inhibitors (AEIs), such as metyrapone, can inhibit
cortisol synthesis form adrenal glands promptly and sufficiently in most of
patients. LCI699, a newly developed AEI, is more potent than metyrapone and will
be available. We should use available medical treatments for improving the
prognosis and quality of life.