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2017 ; 79
(ä): 219-244
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Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in the Gastrointestinal Tract
#MMPMID28728818
Alcaino C
; Farrugia G
; Beyder A
Curr Top Membr
2017[]; 79
(ä): 219-244
PMID28728818
show ga
Sensation of mechanical forces is critical for normal function of the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract and abnormalities in mechanosensation are linked to
GI pathologies. In the GI tract there are several mechanosensitive cell
types-epithelial enterochromaffin cells, intrinsic and extrinsic enteric neurons,
smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. These cells use
mechanosensitive ion channels that respond to mechanical forces by altering
transmembrane ionic currents in a process called mechanoelectrical coupling.
Several mechanosensitive ionic conductances have been identified in the
mechanosensory GI cells, ranging from mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium and
calcium channels to the mechanogated ion channels, such as the two-pore domain
potassium channels K2P (TREK-1) and nonselective cation channels from the
transient receptor potential family. The recently discovered Piezo channels are
increasingly recognized as significant contributors to cellular
mechanosensitivity. Piezo1 and Piezo2 are nonselective cationic ion channels that
are directly activated by mechanical forces and have well-defined biophysical and
pharmacologic properties. The role of Piezo channels in the GI epithelium is
currently under investigation and their role in the smooth muscle syncytium and
enteric neurons is still not known. In this review, we outline the current state
of knowledge on mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract, with a focus on
the known and potential functions of the Piezo channels.