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2014 ; 16
(ä): 505-32
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Mechanosensing at the vascular interface
#MMPMID24905872
Tarbell JM
; Simon SI
; Curry FR
Annu Rev Biomed Eng
2014[Jul]; 16
(ä): 505-32
PMID24905872
show ga
Mammals are endowed with a complex set of mechanisms that sense mechanical forces
imparted by blood flow to endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, and
circulating blood cells to elicit biochemical responses through a process
referred to as mechanotransduction. These biochemical responses are critical for
a host of other responses, including regulation of blood pressure, control of
vascular permeability for maintaining adequate perfusion of tissues, and control
of leukocyte recruitment during immunosurveillance and inflammation. This review
focuses on the role of the endothelial surface proteoglycan/glycoprotein
layer-the glycocalyx (GCX)-that lines all blood vessel walls and is an agent in
mechanotransduction and the modulation of blood cell interactions with the EC
surface. We first discuss the biochemical composition and ultrastructure of the
GCX, highlighting recent developments that reveal gaps in our understanding of
the relationship between composition and spatial organization. We then consider
the roles of the GCX in mechanotransduction and in vascular permeability control
and review the prominent interaction of plasma-borne sphingosine-1 phosphate
(S1P), which has been shown to regulate both the composition of the GCX and the
endothelial junctions. Finally, we consider the association of GCX degradation
with inflammation and vascular disease and end with a final section on future
research directions.
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