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2015 ; 81
(5
): 1616-21
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Mechanisms of methods for hepatitis C virus inactivation
#MMPMID25527548
Pfaender S
; Brinkmann J
; Todt D
; Riebesehl N
; Steinmann J
; Steinmann J
; Pietschmann T
; Steinmann E
Appl Environ Microbiol
2015[Mar]; 81
(5
): 1616-21
PMID25527548
show ga
Virus inactivation by chemical disinfectants is an important instrument for
infection control in medical settings, but the mechanisms involved are poorly
understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of several
antiviral treatments on hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles as model for enveloped
viruses. Studies were performed with authentic cell culture-derived viruses, and
the influence of chemical disinfectants, heat, and UV treatment on HCV was
analyzed by the determination of infectious particles in a limiting-dilution
assay, by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, by core enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, and by proteolytic protection assay. All different
inactivation methods resulted in a loss of HCV infectivity by targeting different
parts of the virus particle. Alcohols such as ethanol and 2-propanol did not
affect the viral RNA genome integrity but disrupted the viral envelope membrane
in a capsid protection assay. Heat and UV treatment of HCV particles resulted in
direct damage of the viral genome since transfection of viral particle-associated
RNA into permissive cells did not initiate RNA replication. In addition, heat
incubation at 80°C disrupted the HCV envelope, rendering the viral capsid
susceptible to proteolytic digest. This study demonstrated the molecular
processes of viral inactivation of an enveloped virus and should facilitate the
development of effective disinfection strategies in infection control not only
against HCV but also against other enveloped viruses.
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