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2016 ; 7
(1
): 125
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Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function
#MMPMID27581859
Spees JL
; Lee RH
; Gregory CA
Stem Cell Res Ther
2016[Aug]; 7
(1
): 125
PMID27581859
show ga
The past decade has seen an explosion of research directed toward better
understanding of the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) function
during rescue and repair of injured organs and tissues. In addition to
delineating cell-cell signaling and molecular controls for MSC differentiation,
the field has made particular progress in defining several other mechanisms
through which administered MSCs can promote tissue rescue/repair. These include:
1) paracrine activity that involves secretion of proteins/peptides and hormones;
2) transfer of mitochondria by way of tunneling nanotubes or microvesicles; and
3) transfer of exosomes or microvesicles containing RNA and other molecules.
Improved understanding of MSC function holds great promise for the application of
cell therapy and also for the development of powerful cell-derived therapeutics
for regenerative medicine. Focusing on these three mechanisms, we discuss
MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and fibrosis and
review recent progress with MSC-based or MSC-derived therapeutics.
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