Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25277655
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Mol+Biol
2015 ; 427
(5
): 999-1022
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Mechanisms of integral membrane protein insertion and folding
#MMPMID25277655
Cymer F
; von Heijne G
; White SH
J Mol Biol
2015[Mar]; 427
(5
): 999-1022
PMID25277655
show ga
The biogenesis, folding, and structure of ?-helical membrane proteins (MPs) are
important to understand because they underlie virtually all physiological
processes in cells including key metabolic pathways, such as the respiratory
chain and the photosystems, as well as the transport of solutes and signals
across membranes. Nearly all MPs require translocons--often referred to as
protein-conducting channels--for proper insertion into their target membrane.
Remarkable progress toward understanding the structure and functioning of
translocons has been made during the past decade. Here, we review and assess this
progress critically. All available evidence indicates that MPs are equilibrium
structures that achieve their final structural states by folding along
thermodynamically controlled pathways. The main challenge for cells is the
targeting and membrane insertion of highly hydrophobic amino acid sequences.
Targeting and insertion are managed in cells principally by interactions between
ribosomes and membrane-embedded translocons. Our review examines the biophysical
and biological boundaries of MP insertion and the folding of polytopic MPs in
vivo. A theme of the review is the under-appreciated role of basic thermodynamic
principles in MP folding and assembly. Thermodynamics not only dictates the final
folded structure but also is the driving force for the evolution of the
ribosome-translocon system of assembly. We conclude the review with a perspective
suggesting a new view of translocon-guided MP insertion.