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2012 ; 35
(ä): 203-25
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Mechanisms of gamma oscillations
#MMPMID22443509
Buzsáki G
; Wang XJ
Annu Rev Neurosci
2012[]; 35
(ä): 203-25
PMID22443509
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Gamma rhythms are commonly observed in many brain regions during both waking and
sleep states, yet their functions and mechanisms remain a matter of debate. Here
we review the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations and
outline empirical questions and controversial conceptual issues. Our main points
are as follows: First, gamma-band rhythmogenesis is inextricably tied to
perisomatic inhibition. Second, gamma oscillations are short-lived and typically
emerge from the coordinated interaction of excitation and inhibition, which can
be detected as local field potentials. Third, gamma rhythm typically concurs with
irregular firing of single neurons, and the network frequency of gamma
oscillations varies extensively depending on the underlying mechanism. To
document gamma oscillations, efforts should be made to distinguish them from mere
increases of gamma-band power and/or increased spiking activity. Fourth, the
magnitude of gamma oscillation is modulated by slower rhythms. Such
cross-frequency coupling may serve to couple active patches of cortical circuits.
Because of their ubiquitous nature and strong correlation with the "operational
modes" of local circuits, gamma oscillations continue to provide important clues
about neuronal population dynamics in health and disease.
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