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2016 ; 73
(11-12
): 2195-209
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Mechanisms of ferroptosis
#MMPMID27048822
Cao JY
; Dixon SJ
Cell Mol Life Sci
2016[Jun]; 73
(11-12
): 2195-209
PMID27048822
show ga
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death that can be triggered by small
molecules or conditions that inhibit glutathione biosynthesis or the
glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This
lethal process is defined by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive
oxygen species and depletion of plasma membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Cancer cells with high level RAS-RAF-MEK pathway activity or p53 expression may
be sensitized to this process. Conversely, a number of small molecule inhibitors
of ferroptosis have been identified, including ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1,
which can block pathological cell death events in brain, kidney and other
tissues. Recent work has identified a number of genes required for ferroptosis,
including those involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Outstanding
questions include the relationship between ferroptosis and other forms of cell
death, and whether activation or inhibition of ferroptosis can be exploited to
achieve desirable therapeutic ends.