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2014 ; 71
(7
): 1245-63
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Mechanisms of cellular invasion by intracellular parasites
#MMPMID24221133
Walker DM
; Oghumu S
; Gupta G
; McGwire BS
; Drew ME
; Satoskar AR
Cell Mol Life Sci
2014[Apr]; 71
(7
): 1245-63
PMID24221133
show ga
Numerous disease-causing parasites must invade host cells in order to prosper.
Collectively, such pathogens are responsible for a staggering amount of human
sickness and death throughout the world. Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease,
toxoplasmosis, and malaria are neglected diseases and therefore are linked to
socio-economical and geographical factors, affecting well-over half the world's
population. Such obligate intracellular parasites have co-evolved with humans to
establish a complexity of specific molecular parasite-host cell interactions,
forming the basis of the parasite's cellular tropism. They make use of such
interactions to invade host cells as a means to migrate through various tissues,
to evade the host immune system, and to undergo intracellular replication. These
cellular migration and invasion events are absolutely essential for the
completion of the lifecycles of these parasites and lead to their for disease
pathogenesis. This review is an overview of the molecular mechanisms of protozoan
parasite invasion of host cells and discussion of therapeutic strategies, which
could be developed by targeting these invasion pathways. Specifically, we focus
on four species of protozoan parasites Leishmania, Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium,
and Toxoplasma, which are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality.
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