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Mechanisms of Metastatic Tumor Dormancy
#MMPMID26237067
Osisami M
; Keller ET
J Clin Med
2013[Sep]; 2
(3
): 136-50
PMID26237067
show ga
Tumor metastasis can occur years after an apparent cure due to a phenomenon known
as metastatic tumor dormancy; in which tumor masses or individual tumor cells are
growth restricted for extended periods of time. This period of dormancy is
induced and maintained by several mechanisms, including: (1) Tumor
microenvironment factors such as cytokine expression, immunosurveillance and
angiogenesis; (2) Metastasis suppressor gene activity; and (3) Cancer
therapeutics. Disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are the key cells that result in
dormant tumors. However, many challenges exist towards isolating DTCs for
mechanistic studies. The main DTC that may represent the dormant cell is the
cancer stem cells (CSC) as they have a slow proliferation rate. In addition to
limited knowledge regarding induction of tumor dormancy, there are large gaps in
knowledge regarding how tumors escape from dormancy. Emerging research into
cancer stem cells, immunotherapy, and metastasis suppressor genes, may lead to
new approaches for targeted anti-metastatic therapy to prevent dormancy escape.
Overall, an enhanced understanding of tumor dormancy is critical for better
targeting and treatment of patients to prevent cancer recurrence.
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