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2018 ; 9
(ä): 855
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Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans-Mediated Host Damage
#MMPMID29760698
Casadevall A
; Coelho C
; Alanio A
Front Immunol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 855
PMID29760698
show ga
Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but
there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and
tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host
cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We consider C.
neoformans-mediated host damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism
level. Direct mechanisms of cytotoxicity include lytic exocytosis, organelle
dysfunction, phagolysosomal membrane damage, and cytoskeletal alterations.
Cytotoxicity contributes to pathogenesis by interfering with immune effector cell
function and disrupting endothelial barriers thus allowing dissemination. When C.
neoformans-mediated and immune-mediated host damage is sufficient to affect
homeostasis, cryptococcosis occurs at the organism level.