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2017 ; 11
(ä): 338
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Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Otoprotection
#MMPMID29163050
Sheth S
; Mukherjea D
; Rybak LP
; Ramkumar V
Front Cell Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 338
PMID29163050
show ga
Evidence of significant hearing loss during the early days of use of cisplatin as
a chemotherapeutic agent in cancer patients has stimulated research into the
causes and treatment of this side effect. It has generally been accepted that
hearing loss is produced by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
in cell of the cochlea, which led to the development of various antioxidants as
otoprotective agents. Later studies show that ROS could stimulate cochlear
inflammation, suggesting the use of anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of
hearing loss. In this respect, G-protein coupled receptors, such as adenosine
A(1) receptor and cannabinoid 2 receptors, have shown efficacy in the treatment
of hearing loss in experimental animals by increasing ROS scavenging, suppressing
ROS generation, or by decreasing inflammation. Inflammation could be triggered by
activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in the
cochlea and possibly other TRP channels. Targeting TRPV1 for knockdown has also
been shown to be a useful strategy for ensuring otoprotection. Cisplatin entry
into cochlear hair cells is mediated by various transporters, inhibitors of which
have been shown to be effective for treating hearing loss. Finally,
cisplatin-induced DNA damage and activation of the apoptotic process could be
targeted for cisplatin-induced hearing loss. This review focuses on recent
development in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced
hearing loss and provides examples of how drug therapies have been formulated
based on these mechanisms.