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2016 ; 43
(2
): 109-13
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Mast Cell-Targeted Strategies in Cancer Therapy
#MMPMID27330532
Ammendola M
; Sacco R
; Sammarco G
; Luposella M
; Patruno R
; Gadaleta CD
; Sarro GD
; Ranieri G
Transfus Med Hemother
2016[Mar]; 43
(2
): 109-13
PMID27330532
show ga
Mast cells (MCs) are cells that originate in the bone marrow from pluripotent
CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Precursors of MCs migrate through the circulation
to their target tissues, completing their maturation process into granulated
cells under the influence of several microenvironment growth factors. The most
important of these factors is the ligand for the c-Kit receptor (c-Kit-R) namely
stem cell factor (SCF), secreted mainly by fibroblasts and endothelial cells
(ECs). SCF also regulates development, survival and de novo proliferation of MCs.
It has already been demonstrated that gain-of-function mutations of gene c-Kit
encoding c-Kit-R result in the development of some tumors. Furthermore, MCs are
able also to modulate both innate and adaptive immune response and to express the
high-affinity IgE receptor following IgE activation. Among the other
IgE-independent MC activation mechanisms, a wide variety of other surface
receptors for cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, and complement are also
described. Interestingly, MCs can stimulate angiogenesis by releasing of several
pro-angiogenic cytokines stored in their cytoplasm. Studies published in the last
year suggest that angiogenesis stimulated by MCs may play an important role in
tumor growth and progression. Here, we aim to focus several biological features
of MCs and to summarize new anti-cancer MC-targeted strategies with potential
translation in human clinical trials.
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