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2015 ; 29
(4
): 1017-1027
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Mapping opportunities and challenges for rewilding in Europe
#MMPMID25997361
Ceau?u S
; Hofmann M
; Navarro LM
; Carver S
; Verburg PH
; Pereira HM
Conserv Biol
2015[Aug]; 29
(4
): 1017-1027
PMID25997361
show ga
Farmland abandonment takes place across the world due to socio-economic and
ecological drivers. In Europe agricultural and environmental policies aim to
prevent abandonment and halt ecological succession. Ecological rewilding has been
recently proposed as an alternative strategy. We developed a framework to assess
opportunities for rewilding across different dimensions of wilderness in Europe.
We mapped artificial light, human accessibility based on transport
infrastructure, proportion of harvested primary productivity (i.e., ecosystem
productivity appropriated by humans through agriculture or forestry), and
deviation from potential natural vegetation in areas projected to be abandoned by
2040. At the continental level, the levels of artificial light were low and the
deviation from potential natural vegetation was high in areas of abandonment. The
relative importance of wilderness metrics differed regionally and was strongly
connected to local environmental and socio-economic contexts. Large areas of
projected abandonment were often located in or around Natura 2000 sites. Based on
these results, we argue that management should be tailored to restore the aspects
of wilderness that are lacking in each region. There are many remaining
challenges regarding biodiversity in Europe, but megafauna species are already
recovering. To further potentiate large-scale rewilding, Natura 2000 management
would need to incorporate rewilding approaches. Our framework can be applied to
assessing rewilding opportunities and challenges in other world regions, and our
results could guide redirection of subsidies to manage social-ecological systems.
|*Biodiversity
[MESH]
|*Ecosystem
[MESH]
|Agriculture
[MESH]
|Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence/*methods
[MESH]