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2016 ; 101
(6
): 2313-24
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Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Present and Future
#MMPMID26938200
Bilezikian JP
; Brandi ML
; Cusano NE
; Mannstadt M
; Rejnmark L
; Rizzoli R
; Rubin MR
; Winer KK
; Liberman UA
; Potts JT Jr
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2016[Jun]; 101
(6
): 2313-24
PMID26938200
show ga
CONTEXT: Conventional management of hypoparathyroidism has focused upon
maintaining the serum calcium with oral calcium and active vitamin D, often
requiring high doses and giving rise to concerns about long-term consequences
including renal and brain calcifications. Replacement therapy with PTH has
recently become available. This paper summarizes the results of the findings and
recommendations of the Working Group on Management of Hypoparathyroidism.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Contributing authors reviewed the literature regarding
physiology, pathophysiology, and nutritional aspects of hypoparathyroidism,
management of acute hypocalcemia, clinical aspects of chronic management, and
replacement therapy of hypoparathyroidism with PTH peptides. PubMed and other
literature search engines were utilized. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Under normal
circumstances, interactions between PTH and active vitamin D along with the
dynamics of calcium and phosphorus absorption, renal tubular handing of those
ions, and skeletal responsiveness help to maintain calcium homeostasis and
skeletal health. In the absence of PTH, the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and
skeleton are all affected, leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, reduced
bone remodeling, and an inability to conserve filtered calcium. Acute
hypocalcemia can be a medical emergency presenting with neuromuscular
irritability. The recent availability of recombinant human PTH (1-84) has given
hope that management of hypoparathyroidism with the missing hormone in this
disorder will provide better control and reduced needs for calcium and vitamin D.
CONCLUSIONS: Hypoparathyroidism is associated with abnormal calcium and skeletal
homeostasis. Control with calcium and active vitamin D can be a challenge. The
availability of PTH (1-84) replacement therapy may usher new opportunities for
better control with reduced supplementation requirements.
|Calcium/blood/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Disease Management
[MESH]
|Hormone Replacement Therapy/*methods
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Hypocalcemia/blood/drug therapy
[MESH]
|Hypoparathyroidism/blood/*drug therapy
[MESH]
|Parathyroid Hormone/blood/*therapeutic use
[MESH]