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2017 ; 18
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Mammalian Metallothionein-3: New Functional and Structural Insights
#MMPMID28538697
Va?ák M
; Meloni G
Int J Mol Sci
2017[May]; 18
(6
): ä PMID28538697
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Metallothionein-3 (MT-3), a member of the mammalian metallothionein (MT) family,
is mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). MT-3 possesses a unique
neuronal growth inhibitory activity, and the levels of this intra- and
extracellularly occurring metalloprotein are markedly diminished in the brain of
patients affected by a number of metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders,
including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these pathologies, the redox cycling of
copper, accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a
key role in the neuronal toxicity. Although MT-3 shares the metal-thiolate
clusters with the well-characterized MT-1 and MT-2, it shows distinct biological,
structural and chemical properties. Owing to its anti-oxidant properties and
modulator function not only for Zn, but also for Cu in the extra- and
intracellular space, MT-3, but not MT-1/MT-2, protects neuronal cells from the
toxicity of various Cu(II)-bound amyloids. In recent years, the roles of zinc
dynamics and MT-3 function in neurodegeneration are slowly emerging. This short
review focuses on the recent developments regarding the chemistry and biology of
MT-3.